Routing and Broadcasting in Hybrid Ad Hoc Networks
نویسندگان
چکیده
Hybrid ad hoc networks consist of two kinds of nodes, regular nodes and nodes with additional capabilities. For example, multi-hop cellular and wireless Internet networks consist of static or mobile nodes and access points to a fixed infrastructure. Each node may access fixed infrastructure either directly or via other nodes in multi-hop fashion. Another example is heterogeneous sensor networks, which consists of regular tiny sensors, and special nodes capable of communicating between themselves and to monitoring station using their own backbone network. In this paper, we propose some protocols for broadcasting and routing in hybrid ad hoc networks. Hybrid blind flooding uses backbone of access nodes to spread the message, otherwise blind flooding is applied. Component neighbor elimination based flooding applies neighbor elimination based broadcasting separately within each component, consisting of all nodes with the same closest access point. In adaptive flooding, each node additionally estimates whether each of its neighbor from a different component already received the packet via its own access point in the neighbor elimination process. Multipoint relaying, and dominating set based broadcasting are generalized from existing ad hoc network protocols, utilizing the capabilities of access points. These broadcasting protocols can be applied for route discovery in proactive or reactive routing protocols for hybrid ad hoc networks. Hybrid routing protocol for hybrid ad hoc networks applies proactive routing to maintain the link to the closest access point, and reactive routing to find route between two ad hoc nodes. Access points cooperate to reduce the hop count of later route discovery. Key-words: Hybrid Ad Hoc Networks, Energy-Efficient Protocols, Broadcasting, Routing, Multi-hop Cellular Networks, Wireless Internet. ∗ IRCICA/LIFL, Univ. Lille 1, INRIA futurs, France. Email: {Francois.Ingelrest, David.Simplot}@lifl.fr † Computer Science, SITE, University of Ottawa, Ontario K1N 6N5, Canada. Email: [email protected] Routage et diffusion d’informations dans les réseaux ad hoc hybrides Résumé : Les réseaux ad hoc hybrides sont composés de deux types de noeuds: les noeuds ordinaires et ceux dotés de possibilités supplémentaires. Par exemple, les réseaux cellulaires multi-sauts avec accès à Internet sans fils sont composés de noeuds statiques ou mobiles et de points d’accès à une infrastructure fixe. Chaque noeud peut accéder à cette infrastructure soit directement soit en multi-sauts en passant par d’autres noeuds. Les réseaux de capteurs hétérogènes en sont un autre exemple. Ils sont composés de petits capteurs ordinaires et de noeuds spéciaux capables de communiquer entre eux et avec les stations de surveillance grâce à leur propre infrastructure de réseau. Dans cet article, nous proposons quelques protocoles pour la diffusion d’informations et le routage dans les réseaux ad hoc hybrides. L’inondation aveugle hybride utilise l’infrastructure des points d’accès pour diffuser le message si cela est possible, avec l’inondation aveugle classique dans les autres cas. La diffusion avec élimination de voisins par composantes applique le principe de l’élimination de voisins de manière séparée dans chacune des composantes, formées par tous les noeuds ayant le même point d’accès le plus proche. Dans l’inondation adaptative, chaque noeud estime en plus si ses voisins appartenant à une composante différente ont déjà reçu le message ou non par leur propre point d’accès dans le processus d’élimination de voisins. Le protocole de relais multipoints, ainsi que celui à base d’ensembles dominants sont généralisés à partir de leur version pour réseaux ad hoc, afin d’utiliser les capacités des points d’accès. Ces protocoles de diffusion peuvent être appliqués pour la découverte de routes dans des protocoles réactifs ou proactifs. Le protocole de routage hybride pour réseaux ad hoc hybrides utilise un routage proactif pour maintenir un lien vers leur point d’accès le plus proche, alors qu’un routage réactif est utilisé pour la découverte de routes entre deux noeuds en mode ad hoc. Les points d’accès y participent afin de réduire le nombre de sauts dans les routes découvertes. Mots-clés : Réseaux ad hoc hybrides, Protocoles économiques, Diffusion d’informations, Routage, Réseaux cellulaires multi-sauts, Internet sans fils. Routing and Broadcasting in Hybrid Ad Hoc Networks 3
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